Assess graduate students' ability to analyze narrative voice and focalization techniques in twentieth‑century modernist novels: identify and differentiate narrative perspectives (first‑person, third‑person limited, free indirect discourse, stream‑of‑consciousness, unreliable narration), analyze shifts in focalization and their effects on characterization, temporality, and reader alignment, compare techniques across authors, and perform a close reading of a passage applying appropriate terminology and theoretical framing.