Assess graduate students' understanding of molecular mechanisms and cellular outcomes of eukaryotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways, covering homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and alternative end joining; key proteins and complexes (e.g., RAD51, Ku70/80, MRN, DNA-PKcs); determinants of pathway choice (cell-cycle phase, end resection); regulatory modifications; and functional consequences for genome stability, mutagenesis, and cancer. Include items that ask for mechanism explanation, pathway comparison, interpretation of experimental data (repair assays, mutant phenotypes), and therapeutic implications.