Assess students' ability to formulate and solve a multi-objective optimization for a sustainable urban microgrid integrating rooftop solar PV, battery storage, demand response, and tariff design. Tasks include defining objective functions (e.g., cost, emissions, reliability), setting budget and reliability constraints (e.g., LoLP/SAIDI limits), selecting solution methods (e.g., Pareto front, weighted sums or evolutionary algorithms), running scenario/sensitivity analyses, interpreting trade-offs, and recommending system sizing and tariff policies based on quantitative metrics (LCOE, total cost, unmet load, and emissions).