Test students' recall of major U.S. Supreme Court landmark cases and the constitutional principles they established. Require identification of the case name and year, a concise statement of the Court's core holding, and the constitutional doctrine involved (e.g., judicial review, equal protection, due process, free speech/press, right to counsel, executive privilege). Scope covers commonly taught 19th–21st-century decisions (e.g., Marbury v. Madison, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, Roe v. Wade, United States v. Nixon, New York Times v. Sullivan). Use short-answer, matching, or identification items appropriate for Grade 9–12.