Assess students' ability to apply advanced phoneme-manipulation skills—adding, deleting, and substituting individual sounds in initial, medial, and final positions—to form and decode new real and nonsense words. Include spoken tasks requiring students to produce the resulting word after one- or two-step sound changes, segment and blend to verify outcomes, and use picture or object cues as needed. Focus on accuracy, strategy use, and progression from single operations to combined manipulations.