Assess graduate-level understanding of molecular mechanisms and quantitative models of allosteric regulation and cooperativity in enzymes. Scope includes conceptual and mathematical comparison of Monod–Wyman–Changeux (MWC) and Koshland–Némethy–Filmer (KNF) models, interpretation of Hill coefficients and sigmoidal binding/kinetic curves, effects of activators and inhibitors, linkage of conformational change to functional output, and analysis of experimental data (binding isotherms, kinetic plots, and mutant behavior) to infer mechanism and calculate cooperative parameters.