Assess students' ability to analyze key factors shaping voting behavior in contemporary democracies — including socio-demographic (age, education, income, gender, ethnicity), political (party identification, ideology, candidate evaluations), contextual (media, social networks, economic conditions), and institutional influences (electoral systems, campaign strategies). Require explanation of causal mechanisms, comparison of case examples, and evaluation of the relative importance of factors using empirical evidence; focus on analysis and application rather than definitions.