Assess the learner's ability to analyze how cognitive biases (e.g., anchoring, confirmation, availability, overconfidence), emotional regulation strategies (reappraisal, suppression, mindfulness), and stress physiology (HPA axis, cortisol, sympathetic activation) interact to shape executive decision-making in high‑pressure professional contexts; tasks include interpreting empirical data, critiquing study designs, and proposing evidence‑based assessment and intervention strategies to mitigate bias and optimize performance.