Assess students' ability to analyze how cultural memory is constructed and negotiated through Holocaust memorial architecture by comparing the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Berlin) and Yad Vashem (Jerusalem). Test mastery of architectural form, materiality, spatial rhetoric, inscription and curatorial choices, site politics, historiography, visitor experience, and public controversies; require application of memory studies theories, comparative methodology, and use of primary sources and scholarship to evaluate competing national and transnational narratives.