Assess students' ability to create and justify a block-based program and matching flowchart that control a robot to sort blocks by color and size; include sensor input handling, decision branches, explicit error-handling for misreads or jams, test cases, and at least two proposed efficiency improvements (e.g., sorting order, path optimization, parallel tasks). Solutions should include annotated flowchart diagrams, runnable block-code (Scratch/Blockly-style) with comments, and a short explanation of design choices appropriate for Grade 3–5 with advanced problem-solving expectations.