Assess students' understanding of acute physiological responses and short- and long-term adaptations to aerobic versus anaerobic exercise. Scope includes energy system dominance (ATP-PCr, glycolytic, oxidative), immediate responses (heart rate, ventilation, VO2, lactate), chronic adaptations (cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, metabolic, neural), time courses, and practical training implications; require comparison, explanation, and simple data interpretation.