Assess graduate-level understanding of microbial and physical processes that produce, oxidize, and emit methane in freshwater wetlands: include methanogenesis pathways (acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic, methylotrophic), aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation mechanisms and key taxa, emission pathways (diffusion, ebullition, plant-mediated transport), and how environmental controls (redox state, water-table dynamics, temperature, substrate quality, electron acceptors, vegetation and management) interact to modulate rates, diagnostic indicators, measurement interpretation, and implications for greenhouse-gas budgeting and mitigation.