Assess students' ability to apply proportionality and balancing frameworks to constitutional limits on freedom of expression in a comparative context. Using brief fact patterns or paired-case prompts, students must identify the right at issue, select the applicable doctrinal test (e.g., European proportionality, Canadian Oakes, US strict scrutiny/balancing), and work through legitimacy, suitability/rational connection, necessity/least‑restrictive means, and proportionality stricto sensu or balancing of competing interests to reach and justify a reasoned outcome; scope includes restrictions such as hate speech, national security, public order, and defamation, and requires comparative doctrinal justification and citation of leading principles or cases.