Test graduate-level ability to analyze trade-offs among data privacy protections, strategies to increase user adoption, and population-level public health effectiveness in digital contact-tracing applications. Assess architectures (centralized vs decentralized), data-minimization and retention policies, measurement metrics (uptake thresholds, sensitivity/specificity, false positives/negatives), ethical and legal constraints, and real-world case studies; require synthesizing evaluation criteria and proposing balanced design and policy recommendations for given scenarios.