Assess students' ability to identify and explain common rhetorical devices (ethos, pathos, logos, repetition, parallelism, rhetorical questions, diction) and logical fallacies (straw man, ad hominem, false dilemma, slippery slope, hasty generalization, appeal to authority), analyze how each element shapes audience perception and persuasiveness in short persuasive texts, and propose brief revisions or counterarguments to strengthen reasoning; include one or two short excerpts for annotation and targeted short-answer items.