Assess graduate students' ability to analyze the effectiveness of judicial deference doctrines (e.g., Chevron and Auer) in constraining administrative agency power in U.S. administrative law by: identifying the legal standards and key Supreme Court decisions, evaluating how these doctrines affect predictability, accountability, and separation-of-powers concerns, weighing doctrinal and empirical evidence on whether deference narrows or enables agency discretion, and proposing reasoned reforms or alternatives; responses should synthesize case law, statutory interpretation principles, and policy implications.