Assess students' ability to apply GIS and public health datasets to identify and map urban heat island hotspots, analyze associations with demographic vulnerability and heat-related morbidity, evaluate data quality and methodological limitations, and design prioritized, equity-focused mitigation strategies (e.g., tree canopy, cool surfaces, shading, cooling centers). Expect justification of dataset choices, spatial analysis methods (e.g., LST mapping, hotspot analysis, spatial regression), intervention targeting, and metrics for monitoring and evaluation.