Assess learners’ ability to apply statistical process control (SPC) and control charts to monitor and improve laboratory assay performance: selecting appropriate chart types (X̄-R, I‑MR, p, u), calculating control limits and sigma estimates, applying Western Electric/Nelson rules, distinguishing common‑cause vs special‑cause variation, designing rational subgrouping and sampling frequency, interpreting trends/shifts, quantifying bias and precision, using process capability metrics, and defining appropriate corrective and preventive actions with documentation; includes short numeric calculations and justification of corrective decisions.