Assess students' ability to analyze how deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization within a watershed alter water quality, sedimentation, aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity, and flood risk; include causal mechanisms (runoff, nutrient loading, habitat loss), measurable indicators (turbidity, nitrates, species richness), and require interpretation of simple data or scenario maps to propose evidence-based mitigation strategies (riparian buffers, conservation tillage, stormwater management).