Assess students' understanding of how computers use binary (0s and 1s) to represent numbers, letters, and simple black-and-white images. Include tasks to convert between binary and decimal (using 4- or 8-bit examples), decode and encode letters with a simple code table, and interpret or create small pixel grids where each bit represents a black or white pixel. Focus on place value, pattern recognition, and basic encoding/decoding reasoning appropriate for Grades 3–5.