Assess students' ability to analyze and compare constitutional court responses to emergency and counterterrorism measures, with emphasis on how judicial doctrines and decisions affect civil liberties and the separation of powers. The quiz will test knowledge of key doctrines (proportionality, necessity, margin of appreciation), modes of judicial review, landmark comparative case law, institutional constraints and remedies, and require case-based analysis and normative evaluation of courts’ institutional roles and impacts across jurisdictions.