Assess students' ability to analyze how electoral systems (first-past-the-post vs. proportional representation) shape party systems, strategic voting incentives, and policy outcomes. Expect explanations of theoretical mechanisms (Duverger's law; mechanical and psychological effects; district magnitude and thresholds), comparative case analysis, interpretation of seat–vote relationships and coalition formation, and evaluation of trade-offs among representation, stability, and policy responsiveness. Tasks may include data interpretation, short analytic essays, and scenario-based predictions.