Test students' ability to analyze rhetorical strategies (ethos, pathos, logos), common devices (metaphor, repetition, anecdote), and logical fallacies in contemporary opinion editorials; require identification of author’s claim, intended audience, evidence quality, and tone; include short op‑ed excerpts for annotation and ask students to evaluate persuasive effectiveness, explain how specific techniques and fallacies shape reader response, and recommend revisions to strengthen the argument.