Assess the learner's ability to apply demographic and socioeconomic data to prioritize municipal public services and allocate limited resources. Scope includes selecting and interpreting key indicators (age structure, income, housing, disability, transit access), conducting vulnerability and spatial analyses (basic GIS and tabular summaries), developing equity-weighted prioritization criteria, weighing cost-effectiveness and trade-offs, and justifying allocations with stakeholder and legal/ethical considerations. Questions will require constructing prioritization frameworks, interpreting dataset excerpts or maps, and making defensible resource-allocation decisions for municipal contexts.