Assess students' ability to analyze isotope fractionation patterns in carbonate proxies (δ18O, δ13C, Δ47) for paleotemperature reconstruction, including identifying equilibrium vs kinetic fractionation, mineralogical controls (calcite vs aragonite), diagenetic alteration, calibration equations and fractionation factors, sampling and analytical uncertainty, and appropriate statistical treatment and interpretation of proxy-derived temperatures and confidence intervals.