Test graduate students' ability to identify and analyze linguistic markers of stance (hedges, boosters, attitude verbs) and modality (epistemic, deontic, dynamic) in academic research article abstracts across disciplines. Assess recognition of disciplinary variation, interpretation of communicative functions, and application to revision. Include tasks to define terms, label markers in short abstract excerpts, compare patterns across fields, and propose edits to adjust certainty or authorial stance for target audiences.