Assess graduate students' understanding of the thermodynamic (free energy, ΔG, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity) and kinetic (rate constants, activation barriers, transition states, intermediates) principles that shape protein folding landscapes; include interpretation of funnels vs. ruggedness, the Levinthal paradox, and common experimental/MD signatures such as chevron plots, phi-value analysis, and Eyring/Arrhenius behavior.