Assess graduate-level ability to analyze determinants of corporate capital structure and their market consequences in emerging economies; items will test understanding of firm-level (size, profitability, asset tangibility, growth opportunities), country-level (financial development, institutional quality, taxation, macro volatility) drivers, relevant theories (trade-off, pecking order, agency), empirical approaches (panel regressions, IV/endogeneity, robustness checks), and interpretation of leverage effects on cost of capital, stock returns, investment, firm value, and policy implications.