Assess students' understanding of how composting food waste benefits soil health and reduces landfill impact in a school garden. Coverage includes stages of decomposition, nutrient cycling (basic N‑P‑K concepts), microbial activity, improvements to soil structure and water retention, greenhouse gas reduction and landfill diversion, simple composting practices (brown/green balance, aeration, moisture), and methods for observing and measuring outcomes (plant growth, simple soil tests, volume diverted). Expect application to real classroom scenarios and interpretation of basic data; appropriate for grades 6–8 at a medium difficulty level.