Assess students' ability to analyze how land-use changes (e.g., urbanization, agriculture, deforestation/afforestation) alter watershed hydrology and sediment yield by explaining mechanisms (runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration), interpreting streamflow and sediment data (hydrographs, sediment rating curves, turbidity time series), evaluating modeling approaches (empirical vs process-based, GIS/remote-sensing inputs), considering scale and climate interactions, and proposing/critically assessing mitigation and land-management strategies (BMPs, riparian buffers, land-use planning). Include interpretation of a short dataset or case scenario and justification of recommended interventions.