Assess students' ability to apply iconographic and formal analysis to Northern Renaissance altarpieces (c. 1450–1550). The quiz will require identification and interpretation of symbolic motifs (saints, biblical scenes, objects, heraldry, donor portraits), analysis of formal elements (composition, color, scale, perspective, materials, workshop practice), and formation of evidence-based arguments linking visual details to patronage, function, and intended theological or civic messages. Scope covers altarpieces from the Low Countries, Germany, and Northern France, including winged retables, polyptychs, and single-panel works; responses should cite specific visual features and relevant historical context.