Assess learners' ability to apply life cycle assessment methods to compare the carbon footprints and broader environmental impacts of concrete, steel, and timber in mid‑rise building construction; scope includes defining system boundaries (cradle‑to‑grave), selecting inventory data and allocation rules (including biogenic carbon), quantifying embodied vs. operational impacts across life‑cycle stages, conducting sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, identifying emissions hotspots, and making defensible material‑selection and end‑of‑life recommendations for a mid‑rise project.