Assess students' ability to apply push-pull migration factors to explain causes and effects of the Great Migration (African American movement from the rural South to urban North, 1916–1970). Students should identify key push factors (Jim Crow laws, racial violence, limited rural economic opportunities) and pull factors (industrial jobs, higher wages, urban services), then analyze short- and long-term effects on migrants, Northern cities, culture (e.g., Harlem Renaissance), and civil rights using specific examples and clear cause‑and‑effect reasoning.